Management Of Organisations: Virgin Group

The board Of Organizations: Virgin Group Virgin is a main marked investment (Virgin, 2011) association and is one of the universes generally perceived and regarded brands, which was established by the business head honcho Richard Branson. Virgin Group is classed as a Private Limited Company by Companies House. Virgin Group date of fuse is recorded as 1985 (Companies House, 2010), nonetheless, business and exchanging exercises initially began in 1970 (Virgin, 2011). Virgin Group has proceeded to develop fruitful organizations in center areas running from music to transportation, travel, money related administrations, media, drinks, books, gaming and wellness and so on (Virgin, 2011).Virgin has made in excess of 300 marked organizations around the world, utilizing roughly 50,000 individuals, in 30 nations. Worldwide marked incomes in 2009 surpassed  £11.5 billion (Virgin, 2011). The Virgin Group is structure is curiously unpredictable, in spite of the fact that quantities of individuals perceive the Virgin Group to be a solitary business element yet this may not be the situation. In fact, every one of the Virgin brand organizations works as a different business substance (Grant, 2005). In spite of the fact that, Richard Branson holds full possession and control of the Virgin Brand, the business set-up of the organizations utilizing the Virgin name is differed and complex (Grant, 2005). Despite the fact that every one of the 300 organizations works as a solitary substance, Branson totally claims most of them either separately or through family trusts and is holding larger part stakes in the others. Notwithstanding, once in a while, Richard Branson just licenses the Virgin brand to an organization that has bought a division from him, for example, Virgin Mobile USA Australia, Virgin Radio and Virgin Music. (Award, 2005). In any case, what interfaces the organiz ations is utilization of the Virgin trademark, Bransons jobs as director and investor and his administration job as the substance of virgin in exposure, open and government relations. He likewise has duty regarding naming senior officials (Grant, 2005). Reference section 1 outlines the structure of the Virgin Group of organizations, including some major working organizations and the holding organizations that own them. Right off the bat, the report will investigate and dissect hypotheses identifying with authoritative culture for instance, definitions, level and kinds of hierarchical culture, and will take a gander at the manner in which these speculations identify with the Virgin association. At long last, administration styles will be tended to with key speculations supporting the significance of initiative and various kinds of authority abilities. Comparable to the Virgin contextual analysis the specific estimation of the transformational kind of initiative and the significance of group improvement will be featured. Contextual Analysis 2.1 Organizational Culture Hierarchical culture assumes a significant job inside any association. Despite the fact that most of us will have our own comprehension of authoritative culture, it is an all inclusive idea that is hard to characterize or clarify correctly (Mullins, 2007, p. 721). It has been clarified, for example, as the prevailing qualities upheld by an association (Deal Kennedy, 2000), while, Bower (1966) just depicted it as the state of affairs done around here. Be that as it may, in spite of there not being a consistent acknowledged definition, there is a typical topic inside Deal Kennedy (2000) and Bower (1966). Their definitions reveal a focal subject, that is, hierarchical culture alludes to an arrangement of shared importance. An increasingly itemized definition is: The assortment of customs, values, arrangements, convictions and mentalities that establish an unavoidable setting for all that we do and think in an association. (Mclean and Marshall, 1993 refered to in Mullins, 2007) This explains hierarchical culture is a blend of customs and rehearses and the convictions and perspectives that these depend on that make up the method of working and the methodology of an association. As indicated by Mullins (2007), the way of life of an association is additionally frequently compared to the character of an individual; this could be said of Virgin. Virgin portrays it culture and brand as having any kind of effect. Virgin represents an incentive for cash, quality, development, fun and a feeling of serious test (Virgin, 2011). These qualities are regularly used to portray Richard Branson, organizer and administrator or the Virgin Group. The organization plans to convey a quality help by enabling its workers and encouraging and observing client input to persistently improve the clients experience through advancement (Virgin, 2011). It is obvious that Virgins esteems and way to deal with business bid to the clients and make a gutsy soul in the association that has added to its prosperity which has empowered it to stretch out into different divisions, for example, those portrayed previously. Levels of Cultures To help comprehend culture more, Schein (2010) has arranged the spots where culture is found into three principal classes (Figure 1), every classification is perceived by its perceivability and openness by people. The more profound one gets, the more troublesome it is to find the way of life. Figure 1 Scheins Three Levels of Culture Source: (Buchanan Huczynski, 2007, p. 622) Scheins first level is known as Artifacts, it is the most noticeable level out of the three. It alludes to the perceptible things that a culture produces. It incorporates both physical articles and standards of conduct that can be watched uninhibitedly through what you see, hear and feel in an association, for example, the design and physical environmental factors; its items; its advancements; its style (appeared through attire); its distributed qualities and statement of purpose; its language and funniness; its fantasies and stories. On account of Virgin their uniform is reliably red, their language style is casual hip and the organization has its own fantasy that Richard Branson consistently strolls around with a journal to record and get on each imaginative thought from representatives and how he amazes workers with excursions to his islands. The following level is less noticeable and is alluded to as the embraced qualities level. It is the convictions and qualities, at some point implicit shared inside an association and its individuals, that have significance and worth to the authors and senior administration of an association (Buchanan Huczynski, 2007). The upheld qualities may have their foundations and be founded on values that were found out through youth whether its strict, cultural or moral childhood (Buchanan Huczynski, 2007). These qualities can give the association its particular character and give an ability to read a compass to workers. The Virgin Group has an unmistakable hierarchical culture which is portrayed by its organizers singular qualities, character and individual style the organization mirrors his desire a drive for progress combined with his casual enemy of corporate methodology, particularly a result of his childhood and the mainstream society of his time (Grant, 2005). At long last, situated at Scheins third level, known as the more profound degree of social investigation are Basic Assumptions. This more profound level is all the more normally known as the shrouded convictions and suspicions or shared implied suppositions. Fundamental Assumptions are basic, regularly uninformed, determinants of an associations perspectives, points of view, and activities. These suspicions are integral to its way of life. Qualities that addition long haul acknowledgment frequently become so inserted and underestimated that people are typically ignorant of their impact. They typically give an unsaid suspicion that all is well and good and an unchallenged push for observations and conduct. Scheins three degrees of culture has end up being helpful as a way to deal with investigating Virgin Group hierarchical culture. Schein (2010) stresses the way that if authoritative culture is seen completely it very well may be controlled and overseen inside the association to meet the associations purposes. For instance, Virgin has had the option to utilize authoritative culture to cultivate dedication, responsibility and difficult work inside its representatives by offering opportunity, strengthening and by giving them a feeling of being a piece of something cool and diverse whist giving social exercises. Scheins three degree of culture has likewise help explained why Virgin Group should offer significance to authoritative culture; it is a blend of execution and culture that has the effect between one association to another. Authoritative culture is fundamental; the paste ties everybody together. Virgin Group clutches the qualities, images, and ceremonies that have guided them for quite a long while, and anything new that add to the way of life ought to consistently underpins what as of now exists. In outline, authoritative culture perhaps recognized through organizations utilizing Scheins level of culture. However, Schein (2010) does states that there are no reliably snappy approaches to recognize the social suppositions of individuals in associations. He does suggests watching, conversing with individuals, gathering recorded information, tuning in to stories, and so forth, until an example at last develops. In any case, hierarchical culture can be created through compelling administration, enabled workers, solid advancement programs, great correspondences and a genuine spotlight on clients. All traits that Richard Branson uses to run his association. One thing that is clear is that the way of life which Branson made through his own interesting administration style was one that is emphatically impacted by his own style and character, making it a troublesome model to embrace or copy if he somehow managed to leave. 2.2 Leadership Styles and Team Development Because of the achievement and proficiency of Virgin Group, the media every now and again spread the initiative and the board systems of Virgin Group. Sir Richard Branson is prestigious for his dynamic yet serious administration style. As indicated by Mullins (2007) and Daft (2002), initiative is basically a relationship through which one individual impacts the conduct or activities of others, those individuals purposefully wish for significant changes, and the progressions mir

Comparing Roman and Greek Art free essay sample

There are a few examinations of comparable and diverse engineering between the Greek and Roman. One explanation of this is on the grounds that the Romans decided to construct engineering from instances of the Greek style. A case of this is the manner by which the Romans chose to utilize segments that the Greeks quite made yet the distinction in it is that the Romans included a curve and furthermore an arch. The Romans likewise structure their performance centers comparable as that of the Greeks with the exception of the Romans utilized the amphitheater for games. At the point when the Romans made engineering they based on a greater style than that of the Greeks. An incredible representation of this is found in the engineering style of the Colleseum that is situated in Rome. Another incredible case of the examination of the Romans and Greek engineering is found in the Parthenon and the Colleseum. The plans of the stone on both of these structures are exceptionally one of a kind and the shades of these stones are light which makes for such an astounding style on these structures. We will compose a custom exposition test on Contrasting Roman and Greek Art or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Every one of these structures are a case of the two most astonishing societies n this universes history which are the Roman and Greek societies. The distinction in the engineering is that the Colleseum was worked for everyone and the Parthenon was made for just a select number of individuals. The Parthenon has to a greater extent a characteristic style plan and the Colleseum is a significantly more saved style. Every one of these structures have a few likenesses however each have an entirely unexpected explanation and purposes and that compensates for any shortfall between the antiquated Greek and Roman design manifestations.

Impact of Fiscal Policy on the Pharmaceuticals Industry Essay --

Monetary strategy, Gross Domestic Product, Economics and Classical perspective on Economics and their general effect on any semblance of an organization like Wyeth, a Pharmaceutical Company, and expanding upon such a relationship is the thing that this article is about. Monetary Policy is the other portion of the two-legged methodology of the administration to keep up steadiness inside an economy while attempting to keep up the sacredness of things and attempting to accomplish the objectives illustrated. The other part is the money related approach. Monetary strategy is about the profit and consumptions of the legislature. The wellsprings of income are the different types of assessments while the costs are the ones with respect to the open utilities, safeguard and so forth. Total national output is the absolute worth of the considerable number of merchandise and enterprises delivered inside some random economy and the thought is to create however much as could reasonably be expected. It usefully affected by the positive net fares and that goodly affects the Exchequer of the nation. Gross domestic product is from various perspectives a genuine proportion of the general expectation for everyday comforts of the economy. Psyche you the GDP does exclude the remittanc...

Conformity Free Essays

The Price of Nonconformity Defiance is a challenging and striking protection from power or society. In any gathering, regardless of whether an area, group, or school, there is a sure moral and good code that individuals are relied upon to comply with, and in this way insubordination isn't welcome. Be that as it may, each gathering has its people, individuals who think outside the box and run contrary to the natural order of things. We will compose a custom paper test on Similarity or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Activities made by people that shake the establishments of a society’s convictions are found in antagonistic light, and thus, the individual faces ill will. Rebelliousness and resistance to a society’s customs lead to extraordinary ramifications for the person. In the novel The Chocolate War, Jerry’s companionship with Roland Goubert disintegrates in relationship with Jerry’s dissention. Prominently alluded to as â€Å"The Goober,† Roland is Jerry’s just genuine partner in the novel. The Goober is a tranquil figure who detests strain and conflict and coexists with Jerry who shares Goober’s gentle conduct (Cormier 100). The chocolate deal, nonetheless, drives a wedge between the two’s simple fellowship. Goober reacts with dread and trepidation when Jerry relates his arrangement to reject the chocolates. He implores Jerry to pacify the school and sell the chocolates, and Jerry’s void reaction to Goober’s request begins the division in their companionship. â€Å"Jerry’s solitary dissent is halfway propelled by a banner showed in the rear of his Buda 2 storage. It shows a man strolling alone on the sea shore, with a subtitled quote from writer T. S. Eliot: ‘Do I dare upset the universe? ’ Beyond noting this test Jerry has no good clarification for his companion The Goober, or for himself, with regards to why he is as yet declining to sell the chocolates† (Telgen). Thus, Goober will not partake on the football crew, which incredibly agitates Jerry and enlarges the gap between them. In the wake of sharing their clashing situations while in transit to the bus station one morning, the two feel isolated. â€Å"They sat in trouble. At long last, they assembled their books, got up, and strolled peacefully to the transport stop† (Cormier 160). One’s rebelliousness can likewise make him be exposed to mental fighting. Archie Costello has a sharp and upsetting ability for incurring mental harm regarding his matters. Since Jerry challenges the Vigils, Archie centers his â€Å"talent† around Jerry. Jerry gets visit, mysterious telephones calls at the entire hours of the night. At the point when Jerry answers, there is just quiet; and afterward the individuals on the other line laugh, secretly, at some private joke (Cormier 191). This plan demonstrates extremely viable in entering into Jerry’s mind. â€Å"In bed again, little in obscurity, Jerry willed his body to slacken, to unwind. Sooner or later, rest culled at him with delicate fingers, alleviating endlessly the throb. Be that as it may, the telephone rang in his fantasies throughout the night long† (Cormier 220). The morning after his first night call, Jerry goes to his storage and finds that somebody vandalized his banner and sliced his shoes. His banner that enlivened his individuality had been spread with something that gave off an impression of being blue paint, and the message had been basically decimated into an odd muddle of detached letters (Cormier 192). After this occasion, Jerry feels as though somebody is attempting to send him a purposeful message. Archie further mentally assaults Jerry by subtly taking Jerry’s schoolwork task after he hands it over. Jerry claims he left his watercolor venture on the teacher’s work area the day preceding, however Buda 3 the substitute, Brother Andrew, questions him. â€Å"Jerry murmured unobtrusively, in acquiescence. He realized that sibling Andrew wouldn’t discover the drawing there. He needed to turn, to filter the essences of the children in the class, to locate that one child who’d be boasting in fulfillment. Hello, you’re getting jumpy, he told himself† (Cormier 195). In spite of the considerable number of plots against him, Jerry chooses to continue upsetting the universe. Lamentably, more issues definitely follow as Jerry turns out to be firm in his conviction. Jerry is made an outsider according to the understudies at Trinity. Archie states that no one characterizes the Vigils and pulls off it (Cormier 148). As one technique for rebuffing Jerry, the Vigils try isolating Jerry and transforming him into an untouchable. The Vigils accomplish this by meddling with the chocolate deal. The Vigils rally school support for the chocolate deal and ensure each kid meets his standard of fifty boxes with the exception of Jerry (Peck). Jerry additionally begins to feel that he is undetectable at school. As he strolls through the passages, understudies give him a wide billet. No one brushes against him, and folks step out of his way. Jerry accepts that the instructors are a piece of the scheme as well. They let their eyes slide over him, looking somewhere else when Jerry attempted to grab their eye. Once, he waved his hand wildly to address an inquiry yet the educator disregarded him† (Cormier 224). From the outset, Jerry feels like somebody is attempting to pulverize him and expel all hints of his reality, yet sooner or later he starts to make the most of his nonattendance of personality. Jerry unwinds, feeling as though he no longer must be wary. His sentiments of security, in any case, vanish when the understudies drop the brush off act and proceed onward to a much more regrettable type of discipline. Buda 4 Often, it is just an issue a period before a free thinker faces brutality. Jerry understands that the football field turns into a spot where individuals can mishandle him unmercifully. The athletic division accommodates the testing of people, including each one’s eagerness and capacity to withstand physical maltreatment; the football field is a field where brutality is ritualized, endorsed, and even requested (Carter, Harris). At football training one day, Jerry gets violently handled from behind, and he ponders who assaulted him (â€Å"The Chocolate War†). Emile Janza additionally embarks to hurt Jerry and gathers a gathering of children for an assault. Emile goes up against Jerry alone after football training. Emile considers Jerry a pixie, and when Jerry comes back with rough comment Emile’s band of children rise up out of their concealing spots to pound Jerry. Emile and Jerry’s fight with one another arrives at its tallness when Archie sets them both up to partake in an enclosing match front of the whole understudy body. â€Å"The propensity of physical harassing in the school, spoke to by Emile Janza, energizes our desire that the bigger fight will end in a key confrontation† (Peck). Archie spins the battle; he makes a wager that directs the moves of the fight, making it for all intents and purposes incomprehensible for Jerry to win. Voices overwhelmingly cry from the horde of understudies for Janza to slaughter his rival. Jerry is separated from everyone else out there, helpless before the understudies who as of late concluded that he was not a progressive by any stretch of the imagination, yet rather somebody who viewed himself as superior to them (â€Å"The Chocolate War). Specialists, including artists and painters, have perceived and tended to the hardships and confinement of mavericks in their works. The tune â€Å"Minority† by the American band Green Day represents an individual’s resistance. The verses â€Å"Stepped out of the line like a sheep runs from the herd† (Metro Lyrics), suggest that an individual is defying a gathering. The word â€Å"herd† proposes a similarly invested bunch that demonstrations together and in this way is burglarized of their Buda 5 distinction. â€Å"A face in the group unrecognized, against the shape. Definitely singled out the main way I know† (Metro Lyrics). These verses show the separation one faces because of resistance. On the off chance that somebody is â€Å"Marching out of time† (Metro Lyrics), they are transformed into a minority, as apparent in Jerry’s situation when understudies treat him as an outcast. The work of art, â€Å"Wake up America† by American craftsman Jon McNaughton represents conflicting with society. The work of art offers a political expression while likewise communicating the possibility of resistance. â€Å"There are a wide range of individuals bound together by a similar issue we as a whole face: our national obligation. Be that as it may, for some odd reason, the vast majority don’t even appear to acknowledge what's going on to them† (McNaughton). The individuals in this artwork are limited by the national obligation simply like the understudies at Trinity are limited by the chocolate deal. The Trinity understudies do the deal ignorant of its more profound motivation behind keeping authority gathered in the hands of Brother Leon. The artistic creation recommends that Obama resembles Leon as in Obama gains power from the very obligation that chains American citizens. The man in the frontal area sawing off his chain resembles Jerry breaking liberated from the hold of the chocolate deal. Like Jerry, the man getting away from the gathering will surely confront antagonistic vibe. Truth be told, the lady behind him is as of now calling attention to him to the gathering. For most people, fighting a society’s moral and good norms at last ends up being a losing fight. Regardless of whether an individual encourages change among a gathering, it is simply in the wake of confronting various outcomes. â€Å"Jerry’s fight isn't simple for him to do, however he increases another character through his activities. What this thought becomes in the novel is simply the idea of being valid and facing the shrewd that one sees on the planet. The main character that is genuine Buda 6 to himself in the novel is Jerry †however at an awful price† (Peck). People face strife with the estimations of society or society everywhere because of a thought that they embrace or an activity that they submit. Distinction might be portrayed as the awareness of the person with respect to what he is and how he

Stop and Smell the Seasons

Stop and Smell the Seasons The leaves are falling like snowflakes and sometimes when the sun hits the trees just right, the Massachusetts landscape burns golden. The fabled season of fall has arrived in all of its deciduous glory and is currently running around giving everyone chilly hugs. I’ve lived in Southern California for ten years now, but unlike other sun-loving transplants, I consider the brisk weather a welcome change. My impressions of fall, in the absence of any real comparable seasonal changes, are idealized and heavily informed by cheesy holiday movies and distant memories of childhood days spent frolicking in Indiana. When I think fall, I think piles of crunchy, crispy leaves ripe for the leaping, apple picking, cinnamon and nutmeg sunshine, crackling fireplaces, and pie. Mmm, pie. Here is a picture of pie I found on the internet for all you visual learners out there. Two weeks ago, four or five buses wound their way down 30 miles of tree-lined asphalt to Honey Pot Hills Orchards. Laden with sleepy MIT students, the buses arrived in a cloud of dust and we stormed the orchard, wielding plastic bags and enthusiasm. It was like we had found a way to bottle the effervescence of autumn in just one day. Photo credits to Elisa 17. Thanks for letting me use your beautiful masterpieces! After munching on cider donuts and a bottle of apple cider, we sat down between the animal pens and the pumpkin patch, breathing in the smell of falling leaves and listening to the sounds of laughter. Away from psets, exams, and the confines of dormitory walls, I could feel the last bits of summer peeling away, like a banana, or a skintight jumpsuit. The main attraction, of course, was apple picking. One hayride later, we were dropped off amidst the sprawling rows of trees heavy with fruits. Before we began hoarding apples left and right, we took a crash course in apple picking courtesy of the internet. The proper technique, apparently, involves consideration of the color, firmness, and age of each apple. Not particularly interested in perfecting my apple picking skills, I stuck with my own improvised method. I call it the tickle test: Step 1: Tickle the apple. If the apple has fallen, congratulations! You are the proud parent of a ripe apple. If the apple has not fallen, repeat step 1 on a different, hopefully more ticklish apple. We clambered up rickety ladders wedged between branches, scaled tree trunks, and hung from branches, channeling our inner three-toed sloths. Along the way, we polished a few apples with un-tucked shirt ends and devoured them. Despite the rampant snacking, our bags were filled to the brim in no time and we headed back to the buses, sad to be leaving the crimson yellow landscape. Look! Rita is a sloth! There’s no doubt that we are firmly rooted in fall now. Another summer has come and gone and there are only a few more months until winter pokes its head around the corner. Some branches are already entirely bare, perfect for Halloween spookiness, but less ideal for providing shade or general leafy pleasantness. Which I guess is pretty hard to do if you don’t have any actual leaves. Even the Johnson athletic center has already been transformed into an ice skating rink. I used to take ice skating lessons in Indiana, but all I can remember is how to lace up my skates and how to fall. I’m probably an expert at falling down, so if you need any tips or pointers on how to be clumsier, I’d be more than willing to help. The ice rink is opened to the students for free during Spookyskate, SaveTFP’s annual Halloween event, where students can dress up, eat cookies and candy, and skate to their hearts’ content. Like a seasoned ice skater, I spent about an hour hobbling around the edge of the rink, gripping the side walls and shuffling one foot after the other. Finally, after mustering up the courage, I broke free and sailed across the ice like a majestic whale breaching the water for the first time. The sailing deteriorated rapidly into flailing and eventually into tumbling. I no longer felt like a majestic whale. But I picked myself up, brushed off the ice shards on my pants, and resumed skating. Now I have a nifty bruise on my knee as a souvenir but absolutely no regrets. Sometimes it feels like time is slipping away, like we are always moving from one moment to the next and there’s never time to stop, breathe, and just look around. College is often considered one of life’s greatest transitions, and in many ways, it is. We leave our old homes, parents, and friends to come to a new place where we have to learn to rely on ourselves. Part of the experience is making new friends and finding a way to call this strange new place home. I feel lucky to be living in a place where I feel like I belong. Even though things are constantly changing around me, I have not once felt unwelcome. I’m not saying I don’t miss my family and my home, because I do. But after only two months here, I’m already starting to call MIT my home as well. Life is just a series of never ending transitions and I think I’ve learned that sometimes, we can get lost looking into the future. I don’t want to live through fall just waiting for summer to turn into winter. I want to invite fall into my humble dorm room, make it a steaming mug of apple cider, and tell it stories about my two cats back home. What I’m trying to say is, it’s important to slow down and enjoy the moment. While I look forward to wintery whiteness, right now, I’m enjoying all the crunchiness and crispness of fall. We’ve already taken two out of four tests in each of my GIRs and have officially passed the halfway mark. Soon freshman fall and the ever gracious pass/no record will be a distant memory. At the orchards, three of us wandered through a mini monster hedge maze with towering green shrubbery and only the sounds of other people’s laughter guiding us towards the center. After quite a few wrong turns, we made it triumphantly to the middle flag. Even the backs of our heads look befuddled. I could compare pretty much anything to a maze and it would work. Freshman year. Life. Problem number 5 on my last chemistry pset. Mazes are pretty versatile metaphors. I have decided to embrace the cheesiness and clichéd nature of this metaphor and leave you with these little pearls of wisdom: Never, never, never give in. Just keep swimming. Ruining Regina Georges life definitely didnt make me any happier. All you can do in life is try to solve the problem in front of you. *Deepest thanks to Winston Churchill, Dory, and Cady Heron for letting me use their beautiful words. Really, it means a lot to me. I just hope that by the end of our four years here, or by the end of any of our future endeavors, we will look as happy and accomplished as we did that day.

Leadership as a Human Quality - Free Essay Example

Introduction Leadership can be defined as the process of achieving a set goal through the use of human direction in achieving this (Prentice, 1961). A successful leader is the one who considers both the managerial members together with the minor stakeholders in achieving the goals set by the institution. Employees mainly prefer a democratic leadership whereby they are allowed to express themselves to the managerial team and can be effectively listened to (Prentice, 1961).). Leadership is well explained by theories which includes leader-member exchange theory of leadership, transactional leadership, transformational leadership, charismatic leadership including many others. Each of this theories applies its own managerial principles which are totally different from others. Leadership plays an important role in the pursuit of achieving the set goals that are set by the organization. Both the managerial team and the junior workers plays an important role in the process of leading the organization to achieving the set goals. It is described as one of the most multifaceted and complex phenomena which has been applied by the psychological as well as organizational research (Burns, 1978). Leadership can be examined in terms of set of styles of leadership that are being employed in the leadership process, presumed cognitive processes as well as the terms of enduring traits. In present world, employees have become much educated and more skilled than before. There is need for involving them in decision making process since they have the required knowledge, both managerial and also technical and thus their involvement in decision making is much important and can much influence achieving of the set goals. The process of involving employees in the sharing of duties and also making decisions concerning the organization can be used as a motivation process in today’s world. This makes the employees feel being part of the management team and thus they commit all their skills to the organization which makes it to achieve its set objects. Leader-member exchange theory of leadership This is the most appropriate leadership theory in our present world as both the leaders and the workers are involved in the decision making concerning the organization. The relationship between the managers and the employees is a key factor that influences the success of the organization (Bass, 1990). The managers are referred to as the leaders while the employees are the followers. As we know, employees have different levels of capabilities as well as commitment to the duties that are being assigned to them. Leaders always will tend to have a good and close relationship with employees who seems to be committed to their duties and to those that are delivering exactly what is expected of them without having to be forced or closely supervised as they undertake their duties (Higgs, 2003). Depending on the commitment of the employees to the organization, leaders can classify their followers into two categories that includes the in-group followers and the out-group followers (Graen Cashman, 1975). The in-group members are mainly those employees that are loyal, trustworthy, committed to their duties and those that are well skilled with high capability of handling the duties that are assigned to them (Fiedler, 1964). Leaders will always tend to be close to such employees. The manager trust much the members of this group (King, 1990). Managers always have high attention to this group of employees, they even offer opportunities for additional training, they always providing challenging but interesting duties to them, and the managers always create a lot of time with this group (Fiedler, 1964). Modern means of management are computerized to reduce manpower cost and also to increase efficient. Managers will like to have employees who are personal driven and those who need li ttle attention in order to carry out their duties. Managers will tend to avoid employees who are incompetent, low capacity to carry out their duties, those who are lazy, those who are very sensitive to work closing hours and those who cannot sacrifice their resources for the sake of the organization. The out-group members are mainly made up of the followers who betrays the trust of the manager to them or those that have already proved that they are lacking motivation or they are incompetent (Bass, 1990). The group work assigned to these employees is less challenging and high restricted as compared to that which is assigned to the in-group members (Lewin et al., 1939). They tend to have limited access to the managers and also the chances for advancement are also limited. This group also needs keen monitoring as they undertake their duties since they are not motivated enough to be self-driven. The presence management system does not favor this group of employees as they need keen monitoring as they undertake their duties. The outgroup members may start to dislike and distrust their employees as they may not be in peace with them due to their unpleasing behaviors of handling duties. The members of this group may be forced to change department or even organization because once the leaders know that you are incompetent in the way that you handle your duties, it may be hard for one to prove it wrong to the employer. Leaders need to classify the employees in this two groups before they start working with them so as to make the management activities easier. Role making process is process that is functionally dependent on both the employees and employers. Leaders and followers have to agree on how the leadership process would be done so as to make sure that a good and conducive management process exist between the employer and the employee (King, 1990). Any role making process can be used in the process of describing the development of both relationship norms as well as interlocked behavior between each of their members (Graen Cashman, 1975). The early stage interactions between the leaders and followers can determine the likely nature of the emergent leadership structure. Majority of the employees will be members of outgroup and the only selected members will belong to in-group. Some subordinate managers may even belong to the outgroup members according to the level in which they commit themselves to the managerial duties of the organization. Generally, outgroup members receive lower performance ratings and face many problems with their supervisors as compared to the members of the in-group (Graen Cashman, 1975). In-group members majorly have strong ties with their employers as compared to those that exist between the employers and outgroup. Ideas given by the members of in-group to the leaders are more valued than those given to the employers by the members of out-group as they are seen to be incompetent and of low knowledge and capability. Leaders will prefer in-group employees to out-group employees so as to reduce the increased managerial task that the outgroup members may demand from the managers. This theory explains well how the present world can be well placed with this leadership theory. Research supporting leader-member exchange theory In the process of describing this theory, two important assumptions are made. The first assumption is that some interlocked behaviors has to be shaped and this started early back in the history of this theory (Higgs, 2003). The second assumption was that some relationship between leader and follower has to be developed carefully over an extended period of time (Higgs, 2003). The two participants have to gain mutual trust between one another. The study that was carried out in the approval of this theory involved sixty managers who were undergoing complete reorganization (King, 1990). Almost 90 percent of the reporting relationships had at least one new member as almost 50 percent of the managers were in new positions and one third of the managers were in new organization (Lewin et al., 1939). The theory of leader-member exchange was studied for a period of more than one month. The results that were obtained from this formed a consistency network of reliable relationships (King, 1990). Routine is done by leaders by developing an in-group exchange with only selected few members and also out-group with the rest of the group members. The in-group members receive more unit involvement activities and also greater positional resources from the employers as compared to the one received by the out group members (Burns, 1978). It was then observed that leaders of managerial units responded with manners which in one way or another served to differentiate their unit during times when faced with the task of new working relationships with the majority of the members that they lead (Burns, 1978). Leaders attempted to form special interaction groups with some of the subordinate managers and this transcended the formal employment contract. How race, gender and power can influence the effectiveness of leader-member theory Race plays a major impact on the effectiveness of the leadership. In many cases especially a white man, white people are considered more special than the black people and thus this is a form of discrimination. Race leads to the creation of respect between the leaders and followers and this plays an important role in how the relationship between the leader and the followers is created (Higgs, 2003). The fact that people of different races may not know each other well will mean that respect between the two individuals will exist. This then leads to the achievement of the set goals since both the leader and the follower will play his or her role effectively with due respect. However, in cases where there is racial discrimination between the leader and employees, a good relationship is likely not to develop and thus the effectiveness of leader-member exchange theory may be reduced (Fiedler, 1964). Leader-member exchange theory relies much on the relationship of the leader and follower an d thus for the effectiveness of this theory, a good relationship between the leader and follower is very important. Leadership power is very important in the process of making this theory to be effective. In this theory, the leaders need to effectively use their powers well since the theory encourages a good relationship between the leader and follower, some of the followers, especially members of in-group may decide to use that close relationship with the leader for their personal gains (French Raven, 1959). This will make leadership effective and thus there is need for the leaders of keep their level of interaction with the employees with a gap so as to make sure that effective leadership is maintained. Too much good relationship between the leaders and the followers may lead to lack of respect between the two stakeholders and this may lower the effectiveness of this theory (Bass, 1985). Gender plays also an important role in making this theory effective. Men are good in employing this leadership theory. Gender plays an important part of leadership. There should be no sexual discrimination in the place of work as this will make the theory less effective. This theory, when properly employed can lead to the organization achieving all of its set goals in an easier way.   The relationship between the leader and the follower is much important and needs to be well maintained. Conclusion Leadership plays an important role in the pursuit of the organization to achieve its set objectives. A good relationship between the managers and the junior staff is very important as this will make the employees to be committed to their duties so as to achieve the success of the company. The process of involving employees in the decision making makes them feel to be valued and part of the organization which then makes them to commit themselves to the organization activities thus achieving the goals of the company. Leader-member exchange theory is a reliable leadership theory that can lead the company to achieving great in its management and also set goals.

Expository Essay On A Midsummer Nights Dream - 711 Words

Abby Kuhlman L.Liebl 10A Hour 4 Expository Essay 1 Nov. 2017 Crazy in Love The famous quote You can t be wise and in love at the same time, by Bob Dylan, applies to three of the main characters in William Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream: Hermia, Helena, and Lysander. Reason and love are often at odds in real life, and this romantic comedy shows how these characters struggle to balance between the two. Hermia has a crazy determination to marry Lysander. Hermia is willing to go against her father s wishes just to marry the man of her dreams, and would even go as far as giving up her life. So will I grow, so live, so die, my lord, Ere I will my virgin patent up Unto his lordship, whose unwishà ¨d yoke My soul†¦show more content†¦226-243) Helena is saying that even though the majority of the town thinks she is as beautiful as Hermia, none of that matters to her. If Demetrius does not think that Helena is beautiful, then she doesn t think that way of herself either. Helena realizes that love can make people blind, and she realizes that she is obsessing over him but still cannot help herself. Helena is in need of some more love towards herself and a little less towards Demetrius. Last but definitely not least, Lysander. Lysander is a young man who falls in love with Hermia, just like Demetrius has. The difference between Lysander and Demetrius, however, is that Hermia loves Lysander back. Therefore, hear me, Hermia. I have a widow aunt, a dowager †¦ From Athens is her house remote seven leagues, And she respects me as her only son. There, gentle Hermia, may I marry thee. And to that place the sharp Athenian law Cannot pursue us (1.1. 156-167). Here Lysander is suggesting that Hermia runs away with him to his aunt s house where they can get married. Lysander is willing to move away just to marry and be with Hermia. The two lovers plan to run away and elope so that they can be together forever, regardless of what Hermia s father and Demetrius have to say about it. In conclusion, Helena, Hermia, and Lysander all lose their minds in love. Helena obsesses over Demetrius and wishes to be the one that he loves someday. Hermia disobeys her father because her love for

Psychology Psychology And Psychology Essay - 2200 Words

1. How is psychology defined today? How did psychology start out being defined originally? Humans have always been interested in understanding their own body, especially the brain itself. Some of the first people to explore psychology were Aristotle and Socrates, (even though some of the things they thought were wrong) of course at the time they did not know what exactly they were studying. https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/introduction-to-psychology-1/introduction-to-the-field-of-psychology-22/early-roots-of-psychology-110-12647/ Psychology has been around since the 1500s but modern psychology today was not formed until the mid-1800s https://nerdfighteria.info/video/219/vo4pMVb0R6M by William Wundt who opened the first laboratory for psychology, he is often called the â€Å"father of psychology.† http://www.simplypsychology.org/wundt.html Psychology with the Greeks were mostly studying mental illnesses and feelings of humans, though some of their studies may have been wrong, they are what sparked the start of it all. In th e 1600s, one of the first notions of psychology was dualism by Renà © Descartes. He thought that the mind was more spiritual and the body more physical, though he thought the two connected by the pineal gland or more known as the third eye. He thought that humans couldn’t understand the mind because it was on a different level than this world. This notion was what started disagreement and other thoughts, such asShow MoreRelatedPsychology : Psychology And Psychology1627 Words   |  7 Pagescovers the many questions we may have about psychology. It starts with the history and how it has changed throughout the years. It covers some of the many subfields and jobs you can have as a psychologist. It also covers the four big ideas that are associated with psychology. There are many more topics and sub-topics that will be covered within this paper on chapter 1. Section 1-1 Psychological Science is born: This section shows how the heart of psychology changes over time. In 1879, at a germanRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1753 Words   |  8 Pagesbeing said, psychology is a very important branch of science that attempts to help us stay sane! Already getting started next year, I enrolled into a psychology class to get a jumpstart for when I go into college. I chose to enroll into the psychology class because the human mind is something that is very complex and diverse. By me taking this class, I am partially more ahead and more taught than that of a student who doesn’t take the class. And that way, when I get into the psychology major, I haveRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1519 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology has been defined by many as the study of mental disorder or behavioral problems but discoveries and developments, points to psychology as the study of human mind and its functionality which includes the way we think, act, perceive things and be able to make decisions; all these makes man a complex being. Psychology isn’t just a phenomenon; it is a scientific study. Psychology as a science answers the question â€Å"why†, proposes a theory and sets experiment to test the hypothesis. The researchRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology889 Words   |  4 PagesOne: Psychology Defined Psychology is an exceptionally multifaceted field of study, regardless, it can be commonly defined as the study of mental processes and human behavior. The goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict and control the behavior of others. Psychology incorporates an extensive range of different perspectives into its general principles as well as focuses on securing them with applied research, case studies, evaluations, etc. I first became interested in psychology whenRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1018 Words   |  5 Pagesof psychology is common to talk about the psychological schools, as these are defined as groups of psychologists who shared a theoretical view and focused psychological problems with a common orientation; these have evolved over time. Psychology was first established as a separate science of biology and philosophy, that s when the real debate over how to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began start, different psychological schools represent the major theories of psychology. TheRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology892 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you first think of the word psychology, what is the first thing that comes to your mind? Well, some people might say they don’t know or some would say it’s something that has to do with the mind and/or human behavior. Psychology which comes from the Greek term â€Å"psyche† is the study of mental processes and behavior; especially those affecting behavior in a given context. There are several schools of thought in psychology. These schools include: structuralism (Wundt), functionalism (James), gestaltRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1267 Words   |  6 PagesPaper What is psychology? What impact does psychology have on the world? What does it mean to be a psychologist? These are three important questions that will be investigated throughout this paper. Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and behavior. Psychology influences many behaviors in the world without anyone noticing. Watson is interested in behaviorism. This means he was interested in the behavior of people and how they act and react. Through his article, Psychology as the BehavioristRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology850 Words   |  4 PagesPsychology to me is meant to help people understand the complexity of other human beings. We have established the existence of many disorders which are mainly beyond the control of people because of chemical imbalances in the brain. Although with these reasons, we still have attached negative and positive connotations to many disorders. We have created this concept of psychology in order to help us try to find some sense of order in our lives. This can allow us to try rank ourselves next to anotherRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1703 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology has a lot of jobs to choose from.Any job in psychology is going to be involved helping people. Trying to find out why people do the things they do and trying to predi ct the behavior of people, their emotions, and mental processes. Making sure your child or any person you care about is okay mentally, is important and is the job of people who work in a major in psychology. For this paper, the roles of a psychiatrist, a counselor, and a psychologist will be discussed. The audience will learnRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1300 Words   |  6 PagesIn Psychology There are six modern psychological perspectives. These perspectives are behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive, social, cultural, and biological. Each perspective has its own unique way of explaining human behavior. I think that really explains the complex mental processes and behavior, and each prospective study should not be limited to just one. The following is my explanation of the terms and comparisons between the psychodynamic and behavioral aspects relating to the October

King Lear Bottoming Out Essay - 900 Words

Unit 3, Lesson 13: Key Question 13 Amanda Oreskovic When a person â€Å"bottoms out† they are at the lowest point in their life both mentally and physically. It is a frightening stage in life that some may come across in life as it gets to the point where existing is almost unbearable. On the upside, this downfall may benefit some. Those who can gather the strength to realize that the only way they can go after hitting bottom is up could use it as a turning point for the better. Unfortunately, there are also many people who just give up the fight against the dark place referred to as â€Å"bottom.† Bottoming out is exemplified in William Shakespeare’s tragedy King Lear and in Arthur Miller’s equally tragic Death of a Salesman. In order to†¦show more content†¦In King Lear, Goneril and Regan’s disloyalty is hurtful for Lear and it pushes him into a state of isolation where he is stripped of his authority that he had as king. It would be considered that Lear was at him lifetime low because he has socially fallen to the role of a beggar. He has no home, family or power. Lear’s madness and misery causes him to realize he has hit rock bottom. â€Å"Prithee, go in thyself. Seek thine own ease. / This tempest will not give me leave to ponder/ On things would hurt me more† (III, iv, 23-25). Lear is aware of his poor state as he refuses to take shelter from storm. The physical pains he gains from the storm relieve the misery his daughters branded on his heart. In Death of a Salesman, Willy knows he has reached rock bottom when he decides there is no reason for him to live anymore. When Biff reveals that he actually has loved Willy his entire life, Willy realizes that Biff â€Å"Loves [Willy]. Always loved [Willy]. Isn’t that a remarkable thing? Ben, [Biff] [will] worship [Willy] for it!† (Miller, 135). Willy knows deep in his heart that he has hit bottom. But he decides to kill himself not because he thinks he will be hated forever, but because he would be worshipped forever. In the end, there are benefits of reaching the bottom in your life. The only way you can go from bottom is up. Your

How Childhood Sexual Abuse Affects The Child Through...

Karajurt and Silver wrote the article, â€Å"Therapy for Childhood Sexual Abuse Survivors Using Attachment and Family Systems Theory Orientations,† to show how Childhood Sexual Abuse affects the child through adulthood. Childhood sexual abuse is better known as any sexual contact that an adult does by using threats, force, deception, touching, and anything that the child does not know is wrong due to age and mental stability. Karakurt and Silver (2014), says that: research indicates that with a broad definition of sexual abuse like â€Å"any sexual involvement,† prevalence rates are as high as 50%; a narrow definition of sexual abuse like, â€Å" forced genital activity,† yields prevalence rates of about 5% (Haugaard , 2000). Although children of both†¦show more content†¦These issues cause the need for a therapist to come in and to get to know the child that has been sexually abused so that they can talk the child through their problem. Therapists comes in to help the child get to where they can overcome all the things that they are having trouble with and support them so that they can be the person they want to be. Family System Theory focuses on the child’s family and their interactions among each other so that the therapist can come in and examine the family and figure out what is going wrong. Interactions are a huge problem that families face. Sexually abused children rely on family roles, having trust and being comfortable interacting with others. Some children feel more betrayal, powerless, and stigmatization from what had happened to them as a child. Feeling betrayed and powerless is something that a child should never have to feel. Children normally feels this way because of the person that is taking care of them lied, caused harm, misunderstood them, and abused them. Social support is one thing that can really help a child that has been sexually abused. Social support can help the child’s self-esteem so that they can protect themselves from being re-victimized. When one of the family members are unable to protect the child from another person in the family from hurting t hem sexually, the child suffers from betrayal. The child

Gulf Refinery Fire Free Essays

In the early hours of August 17, 1975, a tragic disaster occurred on the Gulf Oil refinery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This horrific disaster took the lives of eight firefighters, and potentially could have taken more lives if it wasn’t for the help of many surrounding fire stations. The cause of the fire was the overfilling of Tank 231. We will write a custom essay sample on Gulf Refinery Fire or any similar topic only for you Order Now While no crude oil escaped from the tank as a result of being overfilled, large quantities of hydrocarbon vapors were trapped above the surface of the tank’s crude oil. As the quantity of crude oil increased, these hydrocarbon vapors were forced out of the tank’s vents and into the area of the No. Boiler House where the initial flash occurred. The overfilling of the tank resulted from a failure of the tanker’s personnel to properly monitor the quantity of crude oil being pumped to the tank. This whole disaster could have been avoided by just double checking the amount of crude oil in Tank 231. At 12:45 a. m. on the morning of Sunday, August 17, 1975, the tanker â€Å"M/T Afran Neptune,† tied up at a Gulf Refinery dock, began pumping reconstituted Venezuelan crude oil with additional 5 percent naphtha into Gulf Refinery Tank No. 31. Tank No. 231, built in 1929, of riveted seam construction, had a capacity of 75,000 barrels and had recently been renovated with an internal floating roof. Within the refinery, the tank was located at Avenue â€Å"Y† and 4th Street. Located just west of Tank No. 231 was Boiler House No. 4, the site of a four-alarm fire on April 22, 1967. A brick chimney arose from Boiler House No. 4 and this stack was a familiar sight to westbound motorists on the Penrose Avenue Bridge as th e word â€Å"GULF† was painted in large, white letters. Hydrocarbon vapors, emanating from Tank 231, accumulated in the area of the boiler house and were ignited by an unknown ignition source. A flame front followed the vapors back to Tank 231 causing fire at the tank’s vents and an explosion within the outer shell of the stack. These events began to unfold at 5:57 a. m. Shortly thereafter, a second explosion occurred within Tank 231. Burning petroleum spilled from the tank’s vents into a diked area surrounding the tank. Within the diked area a second tank, No. 114, just north of Tank 231, containing No. 6 grade fuel oil, also ignited as pipelines within the diked area began to fail. The initial explosion also damaged the pipe manifold outside of the dike wall and petroleum pouring out under pressure ignited. At 6:04 a. m. , upon receiving the report of fire from the Gulf Refinery, the Philadelphia Fire Department transmitted the refinery’s fire alarm box: Box 5988, Penrose and Lanier Avenues. Upon leaving their station, Engine 60 could see fire and smoke conditions at a distance, and before arriving at the refinery, Engine 60 ordered the second alarm at 6:09 a. m. First arriving companies had large clouds of heavy black smoke emanating from Tank No. 31, fire on top of Tank No. 114, and fire showing from the 150-foot stack at Boiler House No. 4. The third and fourth alarms were ordered in quick succession by Battalion Chief 1, Arthur Foley, at 6:11 a. m. and 6:14 a. m. Acting Assistant Fire Chief Dalmon Edmunds ordered the fifth alarm at 6:34 a. m. The sixth alarm was ordered by Fire Commissioner Joseph Rizzo at 6:52 a. m. Over the next several hours, fire fighters utilized deluge guns and master streams to cool down surrounding exposures, and applied foam directly to the burning tanks and piping in an effort to extinguish the fire. By 8:44 a. m. it appeared that the fire was well contained and the situation sufficiently stabilized to declare the fire under control. As the firefighting operation progressed, it became apparent that the refinery’s sewerage system was not up to the task of properly draining the foam, water and petroleum-naphtha product mixture that was accumulating on the ground along Avenue â€Å"Y,† between 4th Street and 5th Street to the east, running in front of the refinery’s administration building. These drainage problems were further exacerbated by a decision by refinery personnel to shutoff drainage pumps. Three members were attending to the apparatus and wading in the foam-water-petroleum mixture which was accumulating on the ground. Commissioner Rizzo and Gulf Refinery manager Jack Burk were on an overhead catwalk nearby observing the fire fighting operation. Without warning the accumulating liquid surrounding Engine 133 ignited, immediately trapping the three firefighters working at Engine 133. Instinctively and without hesitation other nearby firefighters dove into the burning liquid to rescue their comrades, not aware of the danger to themselves. Five more firefighters would be consumed by the advancing fire. The flames just engulfed them,† said Commissioner Joseph Rizzo, describing how he escaped the first of dozens of explosions but looked back to see three of his men sealed in flames. â€Å"They were trying to get under the foam, but to no avail,† he said. â€Å"They were human torches. † The fire quickly spread eastward along Avenue â€Å"Y† towards 5th Street. Viewing the unfolding horror before him, Commissioner Rizzo ordered two more alarms, five additional rescue squads, and the recall of all companies which had previously been released from the fire grounds throughout the day. On these orders the fire alarm room transmitted the seventh and eighth alarms. As the fire had been placed under control nearly eight hours earlier, firefighters in stations across the city knew that the unthinkable had occurred as these additional alarms were struck. At 4:46 p. m. Commissioner Rizzo ordered the ninth alarm and notification of Philadelphia Managing Director Hillel Levinson as a major disaster was now unfolding at the Gulf Refinery. As the fire swept rapidly eastward along 5th Street, Philadelphia’s foam pumpers, Engines 160 and 133, and the Gulf Refinery foam pumper, were rapidly destroyed in the fire’s advance. At 5th Street, where Engines 16 and 40 had been assigned to improve drainage, their pieces were also destroyed in the fire’s path, although their pump operators were able to escape. Upon reaching 5th Street, the fire traveled two city blocks north along 5th Street, now threatening four additional storage tanks and the 125-foot Penrose Avenue Bridge. At 5:37 p. m. , Commissioner Rizzo ordered the tenth alarm as the fire was now traveling southward and engulfing the refinery’s administration building, which was located on the south side of Avenue â€Å"Y† between 4th and 5th Streets. The tenth alarm companies were ordered to report to Gate 24 at Penrose and Lanier Avenues, to set up deluge guns and leave the area. As the situation continued to deteriorate at the Gulf Refinery, Commissioner Rizzo ordered the 11th alarm. By seven o’clock, the involved tanks and pipelines were gushing flames and nearby streets in the complex were burning streams of oil and other petroleum products. The courageous men of the Philadelphia Fire Department kept with the fire, retaking 5th Street, 4th Street, and finally Avenue â€Å"Y. † At 1:00 a. m. Commissioner Rizzo left the fire grounds to visit the injured firefighters in the hospital. Rizzo then gave command to Deputy Fire Commissioner Harry T. Kite who placed the fire under control at 5:38 a. m. on Monday, August 18, 1975. The tragedy that occurred on the hot august day in 1975 could have been avoided all together if the refinery personnel in charge of Tank 231 simply monitored the amount of crude oil being pumped into the tank. Mistakes do happen, but unfortunately this mistake took the lives of eight firefighters. As of now we can only take th is disaster into consideration and make sure this doesn’t ever happen again in the future. In remembrance of the firefighters who perished in the blaze: John Andrews, 49, Engine 49. How to cite Gulf Refinery Fire, Papers

Gulf Refinery Fire Free Essays

In the early hours of August 17, 1975, a tragic disaster occurred on the Gulf Oil refinery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This horrific disaster took the lives of eight firefighters, and potentially could have taken more lives if it wasn’t for the help of many surrounding fire stations. The cause of the fire was the overfilling of Tank 231. We will write a custom essay sample on Gulf Refinery Fire or any similar topic only for you Order Now While no crude oil escaped from the tank as a result of being overfilled, large quantities of hydrocarbon vapors were trapped above the surface of the tank’s crude oil. As the quantity of crude oil increased, these hydrocarbon vapors were forced out of the tank’s vents and into the area of the No. Boiler House where the initial flash occurred. The overfilling of the tank resulted from a failure of the tanker’s personnel to properly monitor the quantity of crude oil being pumped to the tank. This whole disaster could have been avoided by just double checking the amount of crude oil in Tank 231. At 12:45 a. m. on the morning of Sunday, August 17, 1975, the tanker â€Å"M/T Afran Neptune,† tied up at a Gulf Refinery dock, began pumping reconstituted Venezuelan crude oil with additional 5 percent naphtha into Gulf Refinery Tank No. 31. Tank No. 231, built in 1929, of riveted seam construction, had a capacity of 75,000 barrels and had recently been renovated with an internal floating roof. Within the refinery, the tank was located at Avenue â€Å"Y† and 4th Street. Located just west of Tank No. 231 was Boiler House No. 4, the site of a four-alarm fire on April 22, 1967. A brick chimney arose from Boiler House No. 4 and this stack was a familiar sight to westbound motorists on the Penrose Avenue Bridge as th e word â€Å"GULF† was painted in large, white letters. Hydrocarbon vapors, emanating from Tank 231, accumulated in the area of the boiler house and were ignited by an unknown ignition source. A flame front followed the vapors back to Tank 231 causing fire at the tank’s vents and an explosion within the outer shell of the stack. These events began to unfold at 5:57 a. m. Shortly thereafter, a second explosion occurred within Tank 231. Burning petroleum spilled from the tank’s vents into a diked area surrounding the tank. Within the diked area a second tank, No. 114, just north of Tank 231, containing No. 6 grade fuel oil, also ignited as pipelines within the diked area began to fail. The initial explosion also damaged the pipe manifold outside of the dike wall and petroleum pouring out under pressure ignited. At 6:04 a. m. , upon receiving the report of fire from the Gulf Refinery, the Philadelphia Fire Department transmitted the refinery’s fire alarm box: Box 5988, Penrose and Lanier Avenues. Upon leaving their station, Engine 60 could see fire and smoke conditions at a distance, and before arriving at the refinery, Engine 60 ordered the second alarm at 6:09 a. m. First arriving companies had large clouds of heavy black smoke emanating from Tank No. 31, fire on top of Tank No. 114, and fire showing from the 150-foot stack at Boiler House No. 4. The third and fourth alarms were ordered in quick succession by Battalion Chief 1, Arthur Foley, at 6:11 a. m. and 6:14 a. m. Acting Assistant Fire Chief Dalmon Edmunds ordered the fifth alarm at 6:34 a. m. The sixth alarm was ordered by Fire Commissioner Joseph Rizzo at 6:52 a. m. Over the next several hours, fire fighters utilized deluge guns and master streams to cool down surrounding exposures, and applied foam directly to the burning tanks and piping in an effort to extinguish the fire. By 8:44 a. m. it appeared that the fire was well contained and the situation sufficiently stabilized to declare the fire under control. As the firefighting operation progressed, it became apparent that the refinery’s sewerage system was not up to the task of properly draining the foam, water and petroleum-naphtha product mixture that was accumulating on the ground along Avenue â€Å"Y,† between 4th Street and 5th Street to the east, running in front of the refinery’s administration building. These drainage problems were further exacerbated by a decision by refinery personnel to shutoff drainage pumps. Three members were attending to the apparatus and wading in the foam-water-petroleum mixture which was accumulating on the ground. Commissioner Rizzo and Gulf Refinery manager Jack Burk were on an overhead catwalk nearby observing the fire fighting operation. Without warning the accumulating liquid surrounding Engine 133 ignited, immediately trapping the three firefighters working at Engine 133. Instinctively and without hesitation other nearby firefighters dove into the burning liquid to rescue their comrades, not aware of the danger to themselves. Five more firefighters would be consumed by the advancing fire. The flames just engulfed them,† said Commissioner Joseph Rizzo, describing how he escaped the first of dozens of explosions but looked back to see three of his men sealed in flames. â€Å"They were trying to get under the foam, but to no avail,† he said. â€Å"They were human torches. † The fire quickly spread eastward along Avenue â€Å"Y† towards 5th Street. Viewing the unfolding horror before him, Commissioner Rizzo ordered two more alarms, five additional rescue squads, and the recall of all companies which had previously been released from the fire grounds throughout the day. On these orders the fire alarm room transmitted the seventh and eighth alarms. As the fire had been placed under control nearly eight hours earlier, firefighters in stations across the city knew that the unthinkable had occurred as these additional alarms were struck. At 4:46 p. m. Commissioner Rizzo ordered the ninth alarm and notification of Philadelphia Managing Director Hillel Levinson as a major disaster was now unfolding at the Gulf Refinery. As the fire swept rapidly eastward along 5th Street, Philadelphia’s foam pumpers, Engines 160 and 133, and the Gulf Refinery foam pumper, were rapidly destroyed in the fire’s advance. At 5th Street, where Engines 16 and 40 had been assigned to improve drainage, their pieces were also destroyed in the fire’s path, although their pump operators were able to escape. Upon reaching 5th Street, the fire traveled two city blocks north along 5th Street, now threatening four additional storage tanks and the 125-foot Penrose Avenue Bridge. At 5:37 p. m. , Commissioner Rizzo ordered the tenth alarm as the fire was now traveling southward and engulfing the refinery’s administration building, which was located on the south side of Avenue â€Å"Y† between 4th and 5th Streets. The tenth alarm companies were ordered to report to Gate 24 at Penrose and Lanier Avenues, to set up deluge guns and leave the area. As the situation continued to deteriorate at the Gulf Refinery, Commissioner Rizzo ordered the 11th alarm. By seven o’clock, the involved tanks and pipelines were gushing flames and nearby streets in the complex were burning streams of oil and other petroleum products. The courageous men of the Philadelphia Fire Department kept with the fire, retaking 5th Street, 4th Street, and finally Avenue â€Å"Y. † At 1:00 a. m. Commissioner Rizzo left the fire grounds to visit the injured firefighters in the hospital. Rizzo then gave command to Deputy Fire Commissioner Harry T. Kite who placed the fire under control at 5:38 a. m. on Monday, August 18, 1975. The tragedy that occurred on the hot august day in 1975 could have been avoided all together if the refinery personnel in charge of Tank 231 simply monitored the amount of crude oil being pumped into the tank. Mistakes do happen, but unfortunately this mistake took the lives of eight firefighters. As of now we can only take th is disaster into consideration and make sure this doesn’t ever happen again in the future. In remembrance of the firefighters who perished in the blaze: John Andrews, 49, Engine 49. How to cite Gulf Refinery Fire, Papers

Challenges that put a Threat on the Survival of Big Oil

Question: Discuss the challenges that put a threat on the survival of Big Oil? Answer: Introduction: In this context, the author highlights the biggest challenges that put the Big Oil a threat to survive in the market. Big oil, the name is used to describe the seven or eight major oil companies of the world. The companies are often known as supermajors. The companies are BP plc, Royal Dutch Shell Plc, Total SA, ExxonMobil Corporation, Chevron Corporation, and Eni. The management of these companies focuses on mainly the sectors where it faces risk to be successful. Political issues can affect the oil company in a regulatory way, geological risks primarily due to less extraction, price risk, supply and demand risk, and cost risks. Due to the global economic stagnation, the "Big Oil" companies are facing a problem of their survival. In recent years, the demand of the major international and national oil companies has declined. In November 2014, Organization of the Petroleum exchange companies (OPEC) take an unprecedented decision to maintain production level to regain the lost market p rice (Kazmi 2014). The explosion of shale oil and gas production in the USA led to prices falling by over 50%. Furthermore, the UN Convention on Climate Change in Paris takes some serious decision to limit the global warming and climate change by lowering the carbon emission. These decisions put a limit to the use of fossil fuel and also to the fossil fuel company. Discussion: The decision made by OPEC and UN convention put the oil companies in a challenge to improve their lost market share. One major issue associated with the dividends, which the company has to provide from the profit. The Big Oil is facing problem due to the downfall in the global market (Mirchi et al. 2012). Another problem is due to the climate change issues that create pressure on the Big Oil to abandon their production maximizing policy. The oil and gas management companies need to focus on lowering the carbon emission in the environment. The central area where the "Big oils" are facing the challenge are Cash crunch of sub-$50/bbl oil on projects and dividends: The most major oil companies are facing difficulties in generating enough cash to cover their spending and dividends. Expenditure on new projects and dividends to the shareholders outstripped the cash flow more than $20 billion combining the four supermajor companies- Royal Dutch Shell PLC, BP PLC, Chevron Corp., and Exxon Mobil Corp by the first half of 2015. It is expected from the company that they will reveal the shortfalls in the weekly earnings report. The oil prices fell to the lowest level since the financial crisis and marked down from $100 to $50 per barrel in the third quarter in 2014 (Mu and Ye 2015). Top oil companies are facing uncertain future and the supermajor companies have cut down their expenditure and delaying their projects. Cost cutting often threatens the ability to maintain the production of the company. The success of the companies depends on the ability to manage the cost in a proper way. However, the strategy of driving down the cost prevented the investors from revolting. The companies are already running some long-term projects which cannot put on hold. So considering the circumstances it is evident that the oil companies will need years to bring back their spending under control (Fiorito and van den Bergh 2016). As stated by Mu and Ye (2015), the integrated oil companies explore the crude and refine the oil for the consumers. Studies have shown that the oil companies have to face a cash flow crisis of $80 billion in 2015 and a crisis of $55 billion in 2016. However, the policies taken by the companies for the cash flow problem to maintain proper balance sheets somehow saving the current market status. Chevron Corp. declared that the company will be able to clear its dividends and expenditure by 2017. In the case of Shell, the company will also be able to do the same keeping the price same at $50 a barrel. However, the Exxon is the only company which has reported that their spending peaked up in 2013, and the cash flow doubled in 2014. Exxon has maintained a stable cash dividend payment. Apart from the supermajor, some other national oil companies have promised that they can sustain spending through current status of the market. The Irving, a Texas-based oil company, has committed to increasing production despite the spending. The policy of cut to the spending on new projects may lead to lower production but in turn, it can lift the prices in future. It had been reported that the supermajor oil companies were unwinding their spending practices before the oil price crashed as the companies earned an enormous amount of cash when the oil price was high. Furthermore, considering the other megaprojects, Exxon, BP and Chevron have suspended their big drilling projects, and Shell has canceled a $7 billion exploration program (Geman 2014). Whether to abandon production-maximizing policies: The explosion of shale oil is the main reason for the price drop of oil prices. Due to global economic stagnation and rise of the value of the dollar; the demand for oil has decreased. However, the UN Convention on Climate Change causes in abandoning the production-maximizing business policies of Big Oil companies. It is evident from the business model that the companies should produce a high amount of oil to meet the demand of the petroleum products. This policy also reflects that if no fossil fuel is there then there will be no source of supply. Thus, the oil companies have to drill, no matter how difficult it is to get the crude. The production maximizing policies result in generating excellent growth of oil companies. Exxon has managed $32.6 billion, and Chevron earned $21.4 billion in 2013 (Geman 2014). According to Fhn et al. (2014), the concern for climate changes issue threatening the future of Big Oil. The issue changed the scenario of production maximizing policy along with the stagnancy in demand. So the companies have to look for the new strategy. They have to focus beyond the easy fossil fuel availability and have to find out a new source of extraction. There is no choice left to the Big Oil due to climate change convention. They have to invest in the new strategies. Otherwise, they will lose the ground of other sources. It is true that the cost of extraction from new sources is much higher, but the companies have to consider the world's environmental issues. Exxon started its operations in the Arctic Region, and Chevron and Shell focused on the Gulf of Mexico to extract unconventional oil (Geman 2014). The climate change issue raises some questions about the relationship between the company and its social approach. The production maximizing policy relies on three fundamental strategies- over the year the demand would rise, the increase in the demand would result in higher prices that would justify the expense of investment and the climate concern issue would not play insignificant. But none of the strategic assumptions holds today. The demand for the product rises but not at the expected pace and studies have shown that demand will decline. Thus, the oil companies face problem to recover their invested money. It has found that the oil price will continue with $55 per barrel and will not reach $73 until 2020 (Moffett and Inkpen 2011;2012). The climate change issue has become a major concern and oil companies cannot deny the threatened consequences. In spite of the considerable expenditure by the Big Oil to raise doubt on climate change issues, people become more concern about the climate change effects such as extreme weather phenomenon, rising of the sea level, and drought, etc (Du and Vieira 2012). The need of alternative energy is rising, and the Big Oil has to admit that the production maximizing concept has some backlogs regarding the current issues. The oil companies must find some alternative methods to scale back their operation. Otherwise, they will face a challenge from other aggressive firms (Atabani et al. 2012) Planning by oil companies for a low-carbon global world: The oil and gas companies are facing challenges to meet the energy demand and improving the energy access considering the environmental issue and climate change threats. The UN Convention on Climate Change in Paris has addressed most of the government to limit the climate change parameters and work on the global warming issues to control the carbon emission. The convention also put a suggestion to limit the use of fossil fuel, but it has estimated that fossil fuel will account for 50% of energy demand in 2040. The investment in alternative energy sources needs to increase ((Sandstrm et al. 2014). The issue of carbon emission in the environment can be limited by increasing the share of natural gas in coal mix. The burning of natural gas emits almost half of the carbon compare to coal. But there are several doubts on the contribution of natural gas to meet the climate change threats (Varkey Theeyattuparampil et al. 2013). Global warming is mainly associated with carbon dioxide and methane. So a focus is needed for the control of methane emission also. The oil and gas industries need to focus on the climate risk along with their technological, commercial and financial risk. This will help the companies to become more innovative in their climate approach (Sheridan 2013). The oil and gas companies have the opportunity to work on the aspects of renewal energy. Statoil, an oil and natural gas company, began investing in alternative energy such as utilizing the wind power at sea. The company also has the lowest emission of methane. The company also suggests that Big Oil needs to work on the performance of renewal energy performance and integrating useful technology in the core operations. The Big Oil, who is the major emitters of carbon, needs to take the responsibilities by introducing a carbon price. The companies need to adopt the technologies which are effective for low carbon emission (Mauter et al. 2013). As stated by De Coninck and Benson (2014), many oil and gas companies are investing in carbon capture and storage (CCS). A theoretical approach has suggests that the investment can reduce up to 70-90% of the CO2 emission into the atmosphere. The key point of the method is to eliminate total carbon dioxide from the fossil fuel so that it can be used for the long run. But a major drawback of CSS technique is it requires a high amount of energy, and it is very expensive (Melzer 2012). So the oil companies have to do significant research and improve the technology. Despite the investment by the Big Oil for renewable energy the progress in not satisfactory. But the investment shows some positive result as Shell designed to capture a vast amount of carbon dioxide each year. Furthermore, it is important for the oil and gas companies as well as for the government to work on the common path of carbon emission issue with the help of better technology and efficient regulatory work (Harrison and Falcone 2014). Conclusion: In the above discussion, the author has highlighted the cause of survival challenge facing by Big Oil. The stagnation of the global economy is the main reason for the decrease in the demand for petroleum products. Big Oil is struggling to meet the dividends and facing problem in running long-term projects due to the cash crunch. One solution to the problem is suspending the new projects till the market stability restore. The suspension of the projects may lower the production of the company but in a long run, the price of the product can rise. The climate change issues put a limitation on the use of fossil fuel use which put a knell to the use of fossil fuel by oil and gas companies. The Big Oil usually extracts the crude from the easily available fossil sources. But the fossil quantity is limited. So the maximize production policy of the Big Oil is limiting the amount of fossil. The Big Oil need to concern about the climate change consequences and need to apply some alternative stra tegies that will felicitate environment. Furthermore, the oil and gas companies should be aware of the global warming and limit the carbon emission. Limiting the carbon emission can affect the productivity of the company. The management needs to invest in the research of the alternative technologies which can reduce the carbon emission by capture and storage method. Obviously, the investment in the new technologies will increase the cost of production, but the Big Oil need to concern about the environment. References: Atabani, A.E., Silitonga, A.S., Badruddin, I.A., Mahlia, T.M.I., Masjuki, H.H. and Mekhilef, S., 2012. A comprehensive review on biodiesel as an alternative energy resource and its characteristics.Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,16(4), pp.2070-2093. De Coninck, H. and Benson, S.M., 2014. Carbon dioxide capture and storage: issues and prospects.Annual Review of Environment and Resources,39, pp.243-270. Du, S. and Vieira Jr, E.T., 2012. Striving for legitimacy through corporate social responsibility: Insights from oil companies.Journal of Business Ethics,110(4), pp.413-427. Fhn, T., Hagem, C., Lindholt, L., Maeland, S. and Rosendahl, K.E., 2014. Climate policies in a fossil fuel producing country-demand versus supply side policies. Fiorito, G. van den Bergh, Jeroen C. J. M 2016;2015;, "Capital-energy substitution in manufacturing for seven OECD countries: learning about potential effects of climate policy and peak oil",Energy Efficiency,vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 49-65. Geman, B. 2014, "Inside Big Oil's Fight Over Arctic Drilling Rules",National Journal Daily Harrison, B. Falcone, G. 2014, "Carbon capture and sequestration versus carbon capture utilisation and storage for enhanced oil recovery",Acta Geotechnica,vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 29-38 Kazmi, S.H. 2014,GLOBAL OIL PRICE PLUNGING BELOW US$60 A BARREL, Asianet-Pakistan, Karachi. Mauter, M.S., Palmer, V.R., Tang, Y.I.Q.I.A.O. and Behrer, A.P., 2013. The next frontier in United States shale gas and tight oil extraction: strategic reduction of environmental impacts.Energy Technology Innovation Policy (ETIP) Research Group: Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs,4. Melzer, L.S., 2012. Carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2 EOR): Factors involved in adding carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) to enhanced oil recovery.Center for Climate and Energy Solutions. Mirchi, A., Hadian, S., Madani, K., Rouhani, O.M. and Rouhani, A.M., 2012. World energy balance outlook and OPEC production capacity: implications for global oil security.Energies,5(8), pp.2626-2651. Moffett, M.H. Inkpen, A.C. 2011;2012;,Global Oil and Gas Industry: Management, Strategy, and Finance,PennWell Corporation Mu, X. Ye, H. 2015, "Small trends and big cycles in crude oil prices",The Energy Journal,vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 1. Sandstrm, V., Tuomisto, J.T., Majaniemi, S., Rintala, T. Pohjola, M.V. 2014, "Evaluating effectiveness of open assessments on alternative biofuel sources",Sustainability : Science, Practice, Policy,vol. 10, no. Sheridan, C. 2013, "Big oil turns on biofuels",Nature biotechnology,vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 870 Varkey Theeyattuparampil, V., Adnan Zarzour, O., Koukouzas, N., Vidican, G., Al-Saleh, Y. Katsimpardi, I. 2013, "Carbon capture and storage",International Journal of Energy Sector Management,vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 223-242.

Oliver and Sam free essay sample

â€Å"What do you wanna do today?† said Oliver. â€Å"I don’t know, what do you wanna do today?† said Sam. â€Å"Let’s go into town,† said Oliver. And so they went. Out the front door, past the big, blue water tower that loomed over the town, and down their home street. Who knows what they would encounter on this daily jaunt? Perhaps today would be the story of how Sam and Oliver saved the town from the ferocious fire in early July of 1999. Perhaps today would bring them to the town bakery to steal sweet buns, nearly escaping death by incineration. But in all, it didn’t matter what Sam and Oliver were doing that day. As I sat in bed listening to my dad’s voice rise and fall with the pace of the story and watched his face crinkle with excitement, I knew whatever Sam and Oliver decided to do that day would be a thrill. We will write a custom essay sample on Oliver and Sam or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sam and Oliver were an unlikely bunch brought together by some lucky circumstance. Oliver being a cat, and Sam being a dog, their friendship was unusual and by some standards, wrong. But somehow when my dad and I lay in my humble bedroom in Lima, NY, the pairing was, without a doubt, perfect. Growing up in the small town of Lima, my days consisted of walking down to the local ice cream shop with my Grandma, â€Å"Gammy,† to eat a waffle cone filled with the best mint chocolate chip ice cream on the east side of Rochester, playing â€Å"don’t touch the lava† on the Lima Primary School playground, and sitting on our side porch watching the breeze blow by. However, my fondest and most vivid memory from growing up in this small town was not the town of Lima literally, but the town of â€Å"Lima† that my father and I created in our minds. With its hilly terrain, central Main Street, and many local amenities, it was the perfect setting for the characters of Sam and Oliver to take shape. Now I have grown older.I live in suburban Pittsford, NY, and I’ve created a life for myself here that I have grown to love just as much. I have amazing friends who support me in everything I do, from my writing endeavors to my obsessive love of reality TV.A typical weekend consists of going to bonfires, eating cake batter frozen yogurt at Yotality, and playing guitar or ukulele on my back porch. I have not always been the little girl that lay in bed with my father many years ago listening to tales of dogs and cats until lulled asleep. I have ruined our family vacations with stupid teenage decisions and I have stayed out way past my curfew many times. I have been a disappointment to both my friends and my family, and sometimes even myself, but I have also had moments that made me so, so incredibly proud. I have moved on from small town Lima, NY. But a part of me still, sits back on my side porch on Seneca Ave, next to the big, blue water tower that watches over the town. And that same small part of me still believes Sam and Oliver are adventuring out there somewhere—I know I haven’t stopped.

Using Music to Bring Joy to Your Life

Using Music to Bring Joy to Your LifeIn this sample essay, you will learn about using music to bring you joy. We will discuss the different types of music that can be used to help you achieve your goals and how you can use this knowledge in your life. You will also get to see a sample essay that uses music to bring joy in the life of the mother of a deaf child.The mother of a deaf child is not only deaf, but she has to deal with life as well. She needs to find out a way to make sure that her children are able to participate in all the activities that she wants them to do. She needs to be able to give them what they need to succeed.A gift that the mother of a deaf child can give her children is music. Music can help them feel a sense of belonging and allow them to feel good about themselves. It is music that can be shared by all, no matter what disability they may have.Some people just have the musical instruments. Others use the spoken word to tell the story and help their kids to fe el comfortable. And some people have a combination of both. They can give their kids' music to feel good and use other forms of therapy to help them feel better.If you are interested in teaching your kids through audio-visual program, I recommend that you use a little music to help them feel more comfortable. Give them a piece of music that they will enjoy and will listen to over again. Your kids will probably enjoy listening to their piece and may want to listen to it over again. This will help them to relax and learn how to get through their day.In a group setting, the parents can use musical pieces that they know their kids like to help them teach their kids. This can be an effective and very fun method of helping children to learn. Children who have disabilities may benefit from this because they will be more open to try new things.Of course, in order to get the most out of your audio-visual program, you need to give your kids the opportunity to be expressive in a positive way. When they are happy, they will want to express their happiness. Therefore, if you can give them something that they will want to listen to, you will be providing an outlet for them to express their feelings and this will provide a happier atmosphere for everyone involved.Joy is one of the best gifts that we can give ourselves. If you want to give your kids the gift of joy, you should consider using music to help them achieve this. You will be able to use this to help your children become better people and you will find that they are even happier to be around you as well.

Racism in the Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith essays

Racism in the Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith essays Question: "The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith is a closely personal account of the tragedy of one man. It is also an indictment of a racist society where the white man, assuming authority on the basis of racial superiority, can so comprehensively abuse this authority." Discuss this statement with detailed reference to the text. The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith is a powerful story of a black man's revenge against an unjust and intolerant society, where the whites assume and abuse authority on the basis of racial superiority. Jimmie is mistreated and racially abused throughout the entirety of the novel. This racial abuse is what leads Jimmie to his murderous rampage in the middle of the novel. Keneally wrote this novel with the purpose of trying to eliminate racism against the aborigines, and to rid society of the concept of racial superiority, and the abuse of the authority, which is created by the concept. Each time Jimmie is racially abused, he becomes more and more provoked, until he lets out his anger against white society by carrying out all the murders. Jimmie Blacksmith discards his aboriginal ancestry and tries to fit into the white culture and follow the white ways of life, only to eventually be rejected from it, due to racial superiority, and abuse related to that. Mr Neville plays a key role in the event of Jimmie trying to become part of the white world, because he plants the idea of how the white world is better and has more opportunities, in Jimmie's mind, which is the first sign of racial superiority in the novel. The first instance when this theme occurs is when Mr Neville encourages him to leave his village and go to work in the white world, or on the farms owned by white people. Jimmie is captivated by the idea that Mr. Neville proposes, which is: "If you could ever find a nice girl off a farm to marry, your children would only be quarter-caste then, and your grandchildren one-eighth caste, scarcely black at all." ...

Word Choice Your vs. Youre - Writing Tips with Proofed

Word Choice Your vs. Youre - Writing Tips with Proofed Word Choice: Your vs. Youre The words â€Å"your† and â€Å"you’re† are so commonly confused (especially online) that it has inspired memes. And in the face of memes, it would be easy to give up, leave social media behind, and accept that good spelling and grammar have no place in our crazy, modern world. But no! We are proofreaders. Correcting spelling and grammar is what we do! So even if we are destined to drown under wave after wave of typos, we will stand, like Cnut, and resist the tide. People need to respect grammar, Derek. I dont care if my feet get wet. All of which is an overly dramatic way of saying that, today, we’re looking at â€Å"your† and â€Å"you’re.† Your (Possessive Pronoun) â€Å"Your† is a second-person possessive adjective. We use it when something belongs to a â€Å"you†: Your dog is chewing my boot. Here, â€Å"Your† shows that the dog belongs to the person we’re speaking to. Other possessive adjectives include â€Å"my,† â€Å"our,† â€Å"his,† â€Å"her,† and â€Å"their.† She got frustrated when they didnt fit her.(Photo: gomagoti/flickr) You’re (Short for â€Å"You Are†) The term â€Å"you’re† is actually a contraction of two words: â€Å"you† and â€Å"are.† It would be used in a sentence as follows: You’re wearing tasty boots. = You are wearing tasty boots. The apostrophe in this term shows us there are letters missing. Keep in mind that contractions should not be used in formal writing (e.g., a college paper). To ensure a formal tone, write â€Å"you are† instead. Your or You’re Despite looking similar on paper, these terms have very different uses. On the plus side, this makes it easier to tell the difference. If you’re not sure which term to use in a sentence, though, see how it sounds with â€Å"you are† in it. We can illustrate this with the example used for â€Å"your† above: You are dog is chewing my boot. This is very obviously wrong, so we know it should be â€Å"your† instead. Remember: Your = A second-person possessive adjective You’re = Short for â€Å"you are†

Japanese Takeaway Restaurant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Japanese Takeaway Restaurant - Essay Example In this research study, in order to identify the appropriate outcomes of the research study, both male and female consumers have been selected as a sample population. While conducting the survey, for identifying the key components, which can lead sustained future success for the Japanese takeaway restaurants, Middlesex Street location has been chosen. Moreover, for the survey, a population sample of young respondents falling under the age group of 1-49 such as students, teachers, doctors and working professionals have been duly considered. Â  Simultaneously, in order to conduct the statistical survey, ‘random sampling’ approach has been chosen for this particular research. In this regard, it can be claimed that ‘random sampling’ approach is one of the efficient statistical survey approaches by which huge figure of data can be gathered within a quick period and also in a cost-effective manner (Onwuegbuzie & Leech, 2007). Â  With the aim of identifying the key components, which can lead towards future success for the Japanese Takeaway Store, overall 10 questions have been framed for the respondents who often consume fast foods. In this regard, the questionnaire was framed in such a manner, wherein, both open ended and close ended questions were selected for identify the behaviors, perceptions, needs, preferences, and opinions of the fast-food customers (Hesse-Biber & et. al., 2010). Â